The traffic map
The CPU connects directly to latency-sensitive memory and some PCIe lanes; the chipset expands the rest of the I/O fabric.
FOUNDATION ATLAS
ATX Motherboard
The motherboard is the main interconnect platform: it distributes power and links the CPU, memory, storage, expansion cards, and external I/O.
Representative form: modern consumer ATX board. Socket, chipset, connectors, and lane layout vary by platform.
Power is distributed
The board does not simply pass PSU voltage through. Multiple regulators create precise rails for CPU, memory, chipset, and controllers.
Form factor shapes expansion
ATX standardizes dimensions and mounting while platform and vendor choices determine actual slots, ports, and lane sharing.